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C A S C A D E D R A W Operations Manual Information in this manual is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Cascade Graphics Systems or its vendors. The software described in this manual, as well as the manual text, is protected by Federal Copyright Laws and may not be copied or reproduced without the express written permission of Cascade Graphics Systems, Inc. Last Revision: 4/4/90 Copyright 1990, Cascade Graphics Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cascade Graphics Systems, Inc. 18001 Cowan Suite C Irvine, California 92714 (714) 757-2972 C A S C A D E D R A W Cascade DRAW is a functional program which demonstrates the wide range of Computer-aided Drafting and Design products available from Cascade Graphics Systems. Cascade DRAW contains the basic features found in all Cascade products. Cascade DRAW also contains advanced features like "Flip Screen" user interaction, and a two-digit command "On- The-Fly" expert mode. These are a few of the productivity features not found in other CADD products. Use Cascade DRAW for all your light drafting needs. If your drafting needs require more functionality, or larger drawings, consider Cascade's other products. From architecture, to manufacturing, to electronics, or most other fields, Cascade has the productivity solution to fit your needs and your budget. OTHER PRODUCTS AVAILABLE FROM CASCADE CasCAD I: Is To The Computer What Pencil Is to Paper...$19.95 Contains all of the features found in DRAW, plus mouse drivers and the ability to create larger drawings. CasCAD I comes complete with a in-depth 65 page manual, instruction guide, and tutorial. CasCAD II: For Home or Office..........................$65.00 Includes hatching, automatic dimensioning, plotting, and other features for home/office and desktop publishing needs. Also supports most popular mouse and tablet input devices. CasCAD III: CADD For The Drafter & Designer...........$350.00 Includes advanced CAD features when productivity and speed are important. ATLAS: Advanced CADD Solutions For The Engineer.......$995.00 Special software applications tools for all drafting and engineering disciplines make Atlas the total 2D CAD solution. New tasks can be created using graphics programming routines. Atlas includes all specialized software application tools and symbol libraries. SOFTWARE APPLICATION TOOLS AND OTHER PRODUCTS All Cascade products can be enhanced through the addition of specialized programs, symbol libraries, and application programs called Tools. GO (Graphics Output) for CasCAD I. GO supports the majority of popular plotters. Line width, color, drawing size, and other functions can be manipulated by GO. DXF In/Out for CasCAD II. DXF is a data exchange format program which converts CasCAD II drawings to AutoCAD, VersaCAD, and other popular CAD programs. FONT EDITOR for CasCAD II. Unlimited font styles can be created with the Font Editor. ARCHITECTURAL TOOLS for CasCAD III. Specialized architectural applications such as fractional dimensioning, vanishing points, sketch modes, and other linesstyles are but a few of the Architectural Tools. MECHANICAL TOOLS for CasCAD III. The most frequently used manufacturing symbols are automatically drawn. Flanges are also automatically drawn. Bezier and B-Spline curves can be created by selecting points on the drawing. ELECTRONIC TOOLS for CasCAD III. Drawing Bus lines, ICs, and electronic symbols are easy to accomplish. ICs and symbols are automatically inserted when lines are drawn. SYMBOL LIBRARIES for CasCAD II and CasCAD III. Predrawn architectural, mechanical, electrical, and petrochemical symbols increase productivity. All symbols are created in accordance with industry specifications. For a free brochure call or write us at... Cascade Graphics Systems To order call toll-free 18001 Cowan,Suite C (800) 523-7188 Irvine, CA 92714 (714) 757-2972 Table of Contents 1.0 USING THIS MANUAL ...........................1 The CASCADE DRAW Program ....................1 Tutorial Sections ...........................1 Menu Screens ................................1 Typographical/Style Conventions .............1 Default/Highlighted Options .................2 Other Terms You'll Need to Know .............2 2.0 INSTALLATION ................................3 Installing on Floppy Disk ...................3 Installing on the Hard Disk .................3 The Logon: Screen ...........................4 The Configuration Menu ...... ...............4 Video Device ...........................4 Input Device ...........................5 Input Port .............................5 Printer Port ...........................5 Esc/Exit ...............................5 Configure System .......................5 The CONFIG.SYS File .........................5 The DRAW.BAT File ...........................6 Tablet Initialization .......................6 Set Up Tablet ..........................7 3.0 STARTING A DRAWING SESSION ..................7 Logging On ..................................7 QUIT ........................................8 INIT.........................................8 The Opening Menu ............................8 Active Drawings .............................8 11 CREATE Drawing ...........................8 16 LogOff ...................................8 10 EDIT Drawing .............................8 33 Next Page ................................8 50 Drive: ...................................9 51 Path: ....................................9 4.0 LAYING OUT A DRAWING ........................9 Naming A Drawing ............................9 Units of Measure ............................10 27 Scale: 1.00 ..............................10 Drawing Size ................................10 Text/Graphics Screen--<Esc> Key .............10 ii 5.0 THE MASTER/AUXILIARY MENU SCREENS ...........11 Status Line .................................11 Cursor and Prompt Lines .....................11 Drawing Name ................................11 Auxiliary Menu ..............................11 Selecting Menu Options ......................11 6.0 OBJECT PLACEMENT ............................12 Typing Coordinates from the Keyboard ........12 Absolute Coordinates (x,y) ..................12 Relative Coordinates [x,y] ..................12 Polar Coordinates <x,y> .....................13 Saving Coordinates to Function Keys .........13 Locating Coordinates with an Input Device ...14 Graphics Tablet and Stylus ..................14 Mouse .......................................14 Using the Keypad as an Input Device .........14 7.0 DRAWING AIDS ................................16 Grid Display - /G ...........................16 Isometric Grid - /X .........................16 Changing Grid Size - /N .....................16 Working with the Input Device ...............16 Graphics Cursor .............................16 Picking Points and Objects ..................16 Hit Window ..................................17 GRID - 00 ...................................17 FREE - 01 ...................................17 SNAP - 02 ...................................17 NON-AXIS and AXIS - 03 / 04 .................17 Assigning Pen Numbers - /P ..................18 Assigning Intensity - /I ....................18 Assigning Color - /C ........................18 Assigning Drawing Levels - /L ...............19 Important Keys and Features .................19 Backspace Key ..........................19 Enter Key ..............................20 Rejecting an Operation .................20 Caret / Plus Keys ......................20 Error Messages .........................20 Zoom ...................................21 Pan ....................................21 Full Window ............................21 Redraw .................................21 Percent Full (0%) ......................21 Saving/Exiting Your Drawing .................21 Backup Drawings .............................22 iii 8.0 DRAW Options ................................23 27 Line .....................................23 Linestyle (11, 12, 13, 14) ..............23 20 +NO Fill / +Solid ....................23 22 MoveToPnt ............................24 28 Rectangle ................................24 16 Ang= 0.000 ..........................24 29 Arcs .....................................25 15 +DIR = CW / CCW .....................25 16 ARC - 3 Point .......................25 17 Arc - S/C/End .......................25 18 Arc - S/E/Rad .......................25 30 Circle ...................................25 15 Circle - Pick .......................26 16 Circle - 3 Pnt ......................26 17 Concentric ..........................26 31 Ellipse ..................................26 13 Maj/Min .............................26 19 +Full Ellipse / +Half Ellipse .......26 32 Arrows ...................................26 11 +Flow (Arrowhead Styles) ............27 12 Reverse Dir. ........................27 13 +Solid / +Open ......................27 16 +Place At End .......................27 18 Angle= 0.00 .........................27 19 ArwLEN = 0.200 ......................27 20 ArwLTW = 1.800 ......................28 33 Points ..................................28 Point Styles ...........................28 34 Move .....................................28 16 Drag Object .........................28 11 Origin ..............................28 12 Rectangle ...........................30 35 Copy .....................................30 16 Drag Object .........................30 11 By Origin ...........................30 12 By Rectangle ........................30 36 Delete ...................................30 11 Object ..............................30 12 Rectangle ...........................30 37 Rotate ...................................30 11 Ang= 90.000 deg .....................31 12 Repeat=0 ............................31 38 Scale ....................................31 11 Xscale= / 12 Yscale= ................31 15 Calc. SCALE .........................31 39 Mirror ...................................32 11 +Mirror X / +Mirror Y ...............32 12 +Copy OFF / +Copy ON ................32 iv 41 Group ....................................32 11 Pick Objects ........................32 12 Rectangle ...........................33 11 Unnest TOP / Unnest ALL .............33 43 Move Origin ..............................33 9.0 51 Text .....................................34 11 Xsize= 0.125 .............................34 12 Ysize= 0.125 .............................34 13 Xstep= 0.125 .............................34 14 Ystep= 0.000 .............................35 15 Angle = 0.00 deg .........................35 16 Slnt= 0.000 ..............................35 17 Font = 0 .................................36 10.0 64 ATTR Edit ................................36 11 +Edit / +Display .........................36 12 +Member / +Group / +All ..................36 14 All Defaults .............................37 15 Edit KIND ................................37 16 Edit PEN .................................37 17 Edit LEVEL ...............................37 18 Edit INTENSITY ...........................37 19 Edit COLOR ...............................38 20 Edit STYLE ...............................38 11.0 65 Line Edit ................................39 12 Gap Segment ..............................39 13 Trim/Extend ..............................39 14 Erase Segment / 15 UnErase Seg ...........39 16 Move Vertex ..............................39 12.0 Graphics Screen Utilities ...................40 88 Zoom .....................................40 Zooming with Function Keys .............40 Re-programming the Zoom Function Keys ..40 89 Pan ......................................41 Panning with the Numeric Keypad ........41 90 FullWindow ...............................41 99 Redraw ...................................41 13.0 94 Deactivate ...............................42 10 PACK DRAWING .............................42 11 Name: ....................................42 12 Path: ....................................42 15 Save Drawing .............................43 16 Exit .....................................43 v 14.0 97 PrintPlot ................................44 10 Standard / 11 Rotated ....................44 15.0 98 DrawDefs .................................45 11 Ref Grid = 10 ............................45 12 DOT Grids / LINE Grids ...................45 13 Ref Color-Blue ...........................45 14 Wrk Color-Aqua ...........................45 16 Set Range On / 17 Set Range Off ..........45 18 Hitwin= 0.150 in .........................46 28 X-Grid= 1.00 in / 29 Y-Grid= 1.00 in .....46 vi 1.0 USING THIS MANUAL This manual covers the installation and operation of the CASCADE DRAW program. To use this program, follow the instructions pro- vided in the "Installation" section for copying the programs from floppy diskette to your hard disk drive; or running the software on floppy diskette. 1.1 The CASCADE DRAW Program Your DRAW program works using a combination of hardware and soft- ware to create drawings. Hardware is the actual computer equip- ment (the disk drives, monitors, plotter, input devices). Software is the computer programs contained on the SYSTEM DISK. The software is designed to operate on IBM compatible PC, XT, AT and 386 computers. A minimum of 512k of RAM (Random Access Memory) is required for the system to function properly. You must also have two floppy disk drives, or a hard disk and one floppy disk drive to run the program. 1.2 Tutorial Sections The fastest way to learn how to use the program is to try it. We suggest that you create a practice drawing for experimentation. The sections "Starting a Drawing Session" and "Laying Out a Drawing" are step-by-step tutorials that will help you to lay out a drawing and get you going. 1.3 Menu Screens The DRAW program is a "menu driven" program. This means that a list of options will be displayed on the screen. To make the program perform a certain operation (task) you select one of the options on the menu. Each numbered option is documented in the order they appear on the menu screen. Don't worry if you can't find all the options that are documented on your computer screen; some menu options are not displayed until after another menu option is selected. 1.4 Typographical/Style Conventions Throughout this manual you will see words in bracketed type, such as: <Enter> <Space Bar> page 1 This indicates that you should press a particular key on the keyboard. When the text tells you to select an option by pressing a number or symbol, such as: Press <20> you should press the keys numbered 2 and 0. As a matter of convenience and clarity, we refer to picking points with your "stylus." Unless otherwise indicated, this also refers to any input device. 1.5 Default/Highlighted Options Throughout your drawing session certain options (and values) are pre-selected for you. These are called "default" options and are the most commonly used options and settings. Default options are highlighted on you menu. A highlighted option indicates that it has been selected for use. 1.6 Other Terms You'll Need To Know A "cursor" is a symbol displayed on the computer screen that shows you where the next character will be typed or where a point will be picked using your mouse or stylus. There are two differ- ent types of cursors found in the DRAW program: a blinking under- line (text cursor); and an x-shaped symbol used for drawing (the graphics cursor). The graphics cursor is described in detail in the section "Drawing Aids." A "prompt" is a message that the DRAW program displays instruct- ing you to do something. Prompts usually appear at the top of your computer screen. An "error message" is a prompt that tells you that you have made a mistake or selected an option that isn't available. The error message usually tells you what is wrong and what you should do. Some options change their menu description when you press the number. These are called "toggle" options. They allow you to select one of several choices. When the manual tells you to "toggle" an option, it means to press the menu number until the option displays the choice you want. Most toggled options display a + (plus) sign in front of the description. page 2 2.0 INSTALLATION The programs (software) which operate CASCADE DRAW may be run on two floppy disk drives (A: and B:) or installed on a hard disk drive (C: or D:). Follow the instructions in your computer's operations manual for starting (booting) the computer with the "Disk Operating System" (DOS) disk. Wait until the DOS prompt is displayed. Before installing your software, you should make a back-up copy of the disk labeled SYSTEM DISK and store the original in a safe place. Follow the instructions in the DOS manual for using the DISKCOPY command. 2.1 Installing on Floppy Disk If you are going to use the DRAW program on floppy drives you should make a copy of the original SYSTEM DISK (see above). Use the copied diskette as the program disk for running CASCADE DRAW. You should also have a blank, formatted diskette ready to use for storing your drawings. Use the DOS "FORMAT" command to prepare the blank diskette. To begin the program and install it for your computer system, insert the SYSTEM DISK in drive A; type the word DRAW at the A> prompt and press <Enter> to start the program. Follow the instructions in the "Logon: Screen" section for configuring (CONF) and initializing (INIT) the program diskette. 2.2 Installing on the Hard Disk To install the program on your hard disk drive, make a new direc- tory by typing this command at your DOS prompt: MD \DRAW Press the <Enter> key to execute the command. Insert the SYSTEM DISK into the A: floppy drive and close the door/latch. At the DOS prompt, type the command: COPY A:*.* \DRAW and press the <Enter> key. All the files on the floppy drive will be copied into the directory. Now type: CD \DRAW page 3 and press <Enter> to change directories; then type: DRAW and press <Enter> to start the program. Follow the instructions in the "Logon: Screen" section for configuring the system for your hardware. 2.3 The Logon: Screen After you start the DRAW program, the "Logon: Screen" appears and a blinking cursor is displayed next to the "Logon:" prompt. Before you may begin using CASCADE DRAW, you must configure the software so that it operates properly with your computer's hard- ware. Use the down-arrow key to move to: Change Hardware Configuration and press <Enter> to display the Configuration Menu. 2.4 The Configuration Menu There are four different options (fields) that must configured: the "Video Device",the "Input Device", the "Input Port" and the "Printer Port." 2.4.1 Video Device The Video Device (monitor) field has six different single screen options from which to select: CGA 320x200 4-Color CGA 640x200 1-Color EGA 640x350 8-Color EGA 640x480 (AutoSwitch 480) VGA 640x480 8-Color Hercules 720x348 Note: Cascade's "Phoenix" and "Atlas" CAD Programs offer dual screen video options with higher resolutions. The single screen CGA four color option has already been pre-selected (the default setting). To display one of the other options listed above, press the space bar. Refer to the original materials that came with your computer to determine the setting appropriate for your system. page 4 2.4.2 Input Device To select the Input Device field press the down-arrow key on the numeric keypad. (Press the up-arrow to return to the Video Device field.) The Input Device field will be highlighted and you may select one of three different input devices: SummaGraphics BIT Pad I or Compatible Keyboard (Using the numeric keypad) Microsoft Serial Mouse, or Compatible If you select "Keyboard", the numeric keypad on your computer's keyboard will be used as your input device. See the chapter "Object Placement" for instructions on operating the keypad as an input device. 2.4.3 Input Port The COM ports are used for commnunication with input devices, plotters, and for file transfers. The standard COM port configuration is: COM1: - tablet or mouse. COM2: - plotter and file transfer. 2.4.4 Printer Port The printer ports are LPT1:, LPT2:, and LPT3:. LPT1: is most often used for printer output. LPT3: is usually a printer attached to a network. In most cases the printer should be assigned to LPT1:. 2.4.5 Esc/Exit You may terminate and exit the configuration process at any time by pressing the <Esc> key on the keyboard. 2.4.6 Configure System Now check all selections to be sure that you have made the correct choices; then, press the down-arrow key to highlight the Configure System field. Press <Enter> to configure the system. 2.5 The CONFIG.SYS File For optimum performance the following lines should appear in the CONFIG.SYS File in the root directory. To display the contents of the CONFIG.SYS file change to the root directory (CD \), type the command: TYPE CONFIG.SYS page 5 and press the <Enter> key. The file must be edited (if necessary) to read: BUFFERS=20 FILES=15 You may create and edit this file using the COPY CON command in DOS. At the DOS prompt type: COPY CON CONFIG.SYS and press <Enter>. The cursor will move to the next line below. Now, type the three lines as shown above, pressing <Enter> after each line. Once the lines have been typed, hold down the <Ctrl> (control) key and press <Z>. The symbol ^Z will appear, indicating the end of the file. Press <Enter> and a message will be displayed confirming "1 file(s) copied". (If you made a typing error, just repeat the process again.) If you change the CONFIG.SYS file you must re-boot to read the new file into memory. Note: The files MODE.COM, MOUSE.COM and MOUSE.SYS are not supplied in this software package. MODE.COM is a DOS command. MOUSE.COM and MOUSE.SYS are files necessary to operate the Microsoft Mouse (and compatibles). They are supplied by the mouse manufacturer. 2.6 The DRAW.BAT File Located in your DRAW directory (or on floppy disk if you are not using the hard drive) will be a file named DRAW.BAT. This is a DOS "batch" file that starts the DRAW program. In some cases, this file may need to be edited to correct path names to direc- tories you have created Generally, though, it should function properly as is. (Refer to your DOS manual for instructions on editing and using .BAT [batch] files.) 2.7 Tablet Initialization After editing the CONFIG.SYS file, change to the DRAW directory and re-start the program by typing DRAW and pressing <Enter> at the DOS prompt. The LogOn: Menu will be displayed again. This time type: YOUR INITIALS and press <Enter>. page 6 2.7.1 Set Up Tablet If you have specified a tablet for your input device, you must set up the tablet for the CAD System. The system will ask you to define the "active drawing area" on your graphics tablet or digitizer as well as the "Group" and "Command" menu areas. The Command menu area is a module of small boxes that allow you pick menu options with your stylus or puck (instead of typing menu numbers from the keyboard). The Group menu is another module of small boxes that allows you to pick frequently used objects and symbols from a "library." (Although you will be prompted to create a Group menu area, the DRAW program does not offer the LIBRARY option. However, it may be found in Cascade's "Phoenix" and "Atlas" CAD/Drawing programs.) Follow the prompt instructions which will ask you to pick the lower left and upper right corners of the drawing, Group and Command areas. Some tablets will have marks indicating these points. Use your stylus, puck or joy- stick to select the points. If your table does not accommodate an overlay for the Com- mand and Group Menus, pick any points outside the drawing area when the prompts ask you to mark these areas. The mouse and the numeric keypad (keyboard), do not require picking the corners as described above. 3.0 STARTING A DRAWING SESSION Change to the DRAW directory. At the DOS system prompt type the word DRAW on your keyboard and press the <Enter> key. You may use either upper or lower case letters. You have now activated the DRAW program and the "Logon Menu" will be displayed. 3.1 Logging On The cursor will be blinking next to the "Logon:" prompt. The DRAW program is telling you that it's ready to accept information which can be entered from the keyboard. Type your name or ini- tials at the Logon: prompt and press <Enter>. This is called Logging On. All the drawings you create during this session will have your name automatically recorded into the computer with the rest of the drawing's information. Once you've logged on, the Opening Menu will appear. Note: If you haven't configured your tablet the tablet setup prompts will be displayed. See the section on Tablet Initialization for instructions on setting up your tablet. page 7 3.2 QUIT ESC - exits the Logon menu and returnes you to DOS. 16 Logoff - exits the drawing management menu. 94 Deactivate, 16 Exit - exits the current drawing. 3.3 The Opening Menu Every time you begin or end a drawing session you will see the "Opening Menu." From this menu you may activate the primary tasks of The DRAW program. The blinking cursor at the top of the Opening Menu screen lets you know that the DRAW program is ready for you to select an operation by typing a two-digit number on your keyboard. Don't press the <Enter> key after typing the number. You only need to press the corresponding digits. The option will be highlighted. 3.4 Active Drawings Drawings that have already been created are listed under the heading **** Active Drawings ****. To select an active drawing to be edited, press the corresponding two-digit number of the drawing you want to work with; the number is listed to the left of the drawing's name. 3.5 11 CREATE Drawing Press <11> to lay out a new drawing. This option is fully ex- plained in the section, "Laying Out A Drawing." 3.6 16 LogOff Press <16> to end your drawing session and return to the Logon: prompt. 3.7 10 EDIT Drawing This option allows you to work with an existing drawing by typing the drawing's name from the keyboard. It is generally quicker, however, to retrieve a drawing from the Active Drawings menu. To use this option, press <10>, type the drawing's name and press <Enter>. 3.8 33 Next Page If you have more than 16 drawings in the Active Drawings direc- tory, 33 Next Page is displayed. It allows you to see the next page of drawings. Press <33> to "page" through drawings in the directory. page 8 3.9 50 Drive: This option determines which disk drive the DRAW program will use to save and search for drawings. The default setting for this option is the A: drive. To change the drive press <50> and type a new drive letter (A, B, C, etc.); then, press <Enter>. 3.10 51 Path: The Path option allows you to specify a DOS directory search path for your drawings. For example, if you wanted to search for draw- ings and save them in a sub directory to \DRAW called "Drawings", you would press <51> and type the path name: \DRAW\DRAWINGS then, press the <Enter> key. The new path name will be displayed next to the option. Note: You must first create a directory with the DOS Make Directory command (MD) before you can specify its search path. 4.0 LAYING OUT A DRAWING Imagine that your monitor and graphics tablet (or other input device) are your art board and paper. The stylus attached to your tablet will act as your art tools, pens, pencils, triangle, etc. The keyboard will be used to help select the tools you need, and enable you to move around the board. To lay out a new drawing, select 11 CREATE Drawing from the menu by pressing <11>. (Remember: Don't press the <Enter> key; the command will be understood.) 4.1 Naming A Drawing The prompt at the top of the screen--below the flashing cursor-- is now asking you to "Enter New Drawing Name." Select a name with a maximum of eight letters or numbers (you can use a combin- ation of both). Type the name from your keyboard and press the <Enter> key. Note: Do not use " ^ , * P : ; @ # - . $ % { } [ ] and other symbols in drawing names. If you type any spaces in the drawing name they will be automatic- ally removed, so it is suggested that blank spaces be filled with an underscore (__). page 9 4.2 Units of Measure Once you have properly named your drawing a new screen will appear. On this screen you may choose the scale and units of measurement (inches, centimeters, feet, etc.) for your drawing. Option "17 IN" is highlighted; this is the default option select- ed. If you wish your drawing to be in a different unit of measure select one of the other options (11 through 20) displayed. Press the corresponding number to the left and the option will be high- lighted, indicating your choice. 4.3 27 Scale: 1.00 This option lets you set the scale factor of your drawing. The default scale is 1:1. If you wish to set a different scale factor, press <27>; type a new scale factor and press <Enter>. The new scale will be displayed next to the menu option. For example, if you wanted a half-scale drawing you would enter a scale factor of <.5>. If you wanted a 2 to 1 (2:1) scale you would type <2.0>. 4.4 Drawing Size Now that the drawing's scale and unit of measurement have been chosen, you may change the drawing's size with options 29 and 30. The default setting is for an 11x17 inch drawing. To change the width or height press <29> (Width) or <30> (Height); type a new value and press <Enter>. The new value will be displayed next to the menu option. The size will be in the unit of measure you have selected. Select <42> to continue. 4.5 Text/Graphics Screen--<Esc> Key At this point your drawing has been laid out and you will be working with two different screens: the "text screen" and the "graphics screen." Press the <Esc> key to switch back and forth (toggle) between the two screens. The graphics screen will display your drawing which is now a blank sheet. It is surrounded by a dashed line. This is your drawing border and represents the edge of the paper. Your text screen will display the "Master Menu." Using the Master Menu and drawing with your input device is covered in the following chapters. page 10 5.0 THE MASTER/AUXILIARY MENU SCREENS The "Master" and "Auxiliary" menu screens let you select drawing "tasks" (options) and move around the drawing. They also tell you the current "status" of your drawing, the drawing's name, and other important information you need to know. Each task/option on the menu is explained in separate sections in this manual. The following information is provided as an overview to help orient you to the screen layout. 5.1 Status Line Across the top of the screen is the status line. It tells you the current status of several of the DRAW program functions which make drawing easier. We will explain these functions in the chapter "Drawing Aids". 5.2 Cursor and Prompt Lines Below the status line you will see the flashing text cursor; and below that, the "prompt line". The prompt line tells you what to do next, and anything you type from the keyboard is displayed on the cursor line. 5.3 Drawing Name For reference, the name of the drawing you are currently working with is highlighted at the bottom of the menu. 5.4 Auxiliary Menu To the left of the Master Menu is an area with the highlighted headline: *** AUXILIARY MENU ***. When you select a two-digit option from the Master Menu, another menu of numbered sub-options (auxiliary options) will be displayed in this area. The Auxiliary Menu allows you to choose specific "operations" such as drawing solid or dashed lines; moving or deleting objects; and typing text on your drawing. These options may change depending upon the items you select from the Master and/or Auxiliary menus. 5.5 Selecting Menu Options As with the previous menus you've encountered, you need only type the corresponding two-digit number from the keyboard to select an option (pressing <Enter> is not necessary). If you are changing from text you must enter the two-digit number followed by a <^> to indicate a menu selection. page 11 6.0 OBJECT PLACEMENT Throughout your entire drawing session, the prompt at the top of the Master Menu Screen will continually ask you to locate or "pick" certain points on your drawing such as: the start and end points of lines; objects to be moved, copied, rotated and scaled; or the center and radii of arcs and circles. Each point you pick refers to an exact place on your drawing. The computer inter- prets and stores these points in its memory as a "Cartesian" coordinate. (Remember high school geometry?) 6.1 Typing Coordinates from the Keyboard The DRAW program works with a graphics tablet and a stylus (or other input device). When you select a point using an input device, you are actually selecting a Cartesian coordinate. For accuracy, coordinates may be typed from the keyboard instead of using the tablet and stylus. This is helpful when you know spe- cific distances and/or angles. When typing or "keying-in" a coordinate (x,y), the first number corresponds to a positive or negative point on the "x-axis", the second number corresponds to a positive or negative point on the "y-axis". The resulting coordinate is the intersection of those two points. 6.2 Absolute Coordinates (x,y) An absolute coordinate is an exact point measured from the draw- ing's origin (0,0). Assuming that your drawing was full scale and measured in inches, the absolute coordinate (3,2) would indicate a point 3 inches across and 2 inches up from the (0,0) coordinate. To type the absolute coordinate (3,2) from the keyboard, you would press the left parenthesis "(" key, then the number 3 fol- lowed by a comma and the number 2. To complete the coordinate entry, you could press the right parenthesis ); or simply press the <Enter> key. 6.3 Relative Coordinates [x,y] A relative coordinate is a point located a specific "x" and "y" distance from a previous point selected. Again, using our original example, the relative coordinate [6,2] would be a point six inches across and two inches up from the absolute coordinate (3,2). Relative coordinates are entered in the same manner as an absolute coordinate, however, brackets "[ ]" are used instead of parenthesis. page 12 6.4 Polar Coordinates <x,y> A polar coordinate is a specific distance and angle from a previ- ous point selected. The angle is measured counterclockwise from the positive "x-axis", and can be entered in either degrees or radians. For example, if you wanted to draw a five-inch line at a 35- degree angle from the absolute coordinate (3,2), you would type the polar coordinate <6,35> using the left and right arrow keys "< >". You may express an angle in degrees, minutes and seconds using any unit individually, or using varied combinations of the three. To indicate degrees, type the the letter "D" following the number of degrees; to indicate minutes, type the letter "M" after the number of minutes; to indicate seconds type the letter "S" fol- lowing the number of seconds. For example, if you wanted to enter the polar coordinate 5 inches at an angle of 35 degrees, 22 minutes, and 30 seconds you would type: <5,35D22M30S and press the <Enter> key. If the angle is expressed in radians, type the letter "R" after the number of radians. 6.5 Saving Coordinates to Function Keys Relative and polar coordinates are normally located from the last point picked. However, you can bypass this restriction by saving a picked point immediately after it is selected with your stylus; then, restore the point later. Up to four different points may be saved to the function keys numbered F5 through F8. To save a coordinate, hold the <Alt> key down after picking a point and press one of the four function keys (F5, F6, F7, F8). The point being saved will flash on the screen. To restore the point, press the function key you used to save the coordinate. For example, let's draw a line with three vertices (points): The first vertex will one inch to the right of the start point; and the second, three inches at a 30-degree angle from the start point. Pick the start point with your stylus and press <Alt> <F5> to save the point. Then, type: [1,] which draws a line to the first vertex. page 13 Now, press <F5> to restore the start point as the relative origin and type: <3,30> to draw the next segment. 6.6 Locating Coordinates with an Input Device You could do an entire drawing by typing in coordinates from the keyboard; however, it would be very time consuming. It's faster and more efficient to use an input device. The following sections contain a brief description of the types of input devices that can be used with the DRAW program. When the prompt or manual asks you to "pick" a point on the gra- phics screen, you can select that location using an input device or by typing a coordinate. You can also select points using a combination of the two methods. For instance, the start point of a line might be selected with the stylus, while the end point might be a typed coordinate. 6.7 Graphics Tablet and Stylus This is an electronic pad and pencil that is connected to the computer. As your stylus moves across the magnetized tablet, the graphics screen displays an x-shaped cursor which tracks the stylus movement. To select or "pick" a point with your stylus, you must gently press the stylus against the tablet. A small "x" will appear at the point you have selected. The stylus can also be used to se- lect objects to be moved, copied or deleted in the same fashion. 6.8 Mouse The mouse is a small hand-held device that works on any flat, hard surface (such as a desk top). With a mouse, you don't need a tablet. A bearing-like roller on the bottom of the mouse moves across the surface area and allows you to position the graphics screen cursor. A button on the mouse is used to select points and objects. 6.9 Using the Keypad as an Input Device When installing the software you may choose the numeric keypad on your keyboard as the input device (see "Installation"). The keys numb ered 1 through 9 control cursor movement; keys 8, 2, 4 and 6 move the cursor up, down, left and right as indicated by the arrows; keys 7, 9, 1 and 3 move the cursor diagonally across the screen. page 14 By pressing the minus (-) key, you can select either "fine" or "coarse" cursor control. Fine moves the cursor in very small increments every time one of the cursor control keys is pressed; coarse moves the cursor in larger increments around the screen. Press the minus key to toggle between coarse and fine cursor control. When using the "fine" mode, the <Ins> and <Del> keys will in- crease or decrease the cursor movement for more precision. Press <Ins> to move in larger increments; <Del> for smaller. The increment becomes slightly smaller or larger each time one of these keys is pressed. To pick a point, press the plus (+) key. page 15 7.0 DRAWING AIDS There are several "built-in commands" that help make using the menu and input devices fast and easy. 7.1 Grid Display - /G To make drawing more precise, you can display or overlay a "grid pattern" on your drawing. The grid is not plotted on your final drawing, they are used only as drawing aids. To turn the grid display on or off, press the </> and <G> keys on your keyboard. 7.2 Isometric Grid - /X You may change from a "standard" grid to an "isometric" grid when drawing isometric views. To switch from the standard grid to the isometric grid display, press the </> and <X> keys on your key- board. 7.3 Changing Grid Size - /N Unless you change it, you will have a one-unit grid pattern (in the units of measurement chosen when you set up your drawing). Changing grid size (spacing) can make it easier to place points and objects exactly where you want them to appear. The size of your grid is determined by the units of measurement chosen when you laid out the drawing. You may change the grid spacing at any time by pressing </N>, typing a new grid size, and pressing the <Enter> key. Grid pat- terns can also be changed, as well as checked, using 98 DrawDefs on the Master Menu. 7.5 Working with the Input Device There are several functions of the DRAW program which make using your input device easier and faster. 7.6 Graphics Cursor When working with your input device, an x-shaped "cursor" appears on your graphics screen. The cursor will travel over the drawing area when you position the stylus on the tablet or slide the mouse across the table. 7.7 Picking Points and Objects Throughout this manual we will ask you to "pick" a point on the drawing or select an object with your input device. To pick a coordinate or object, position the cursor at the point you wish to select and press down lightly with stylus; if your using a mouse, press the button. If you have selected the keyboard as your input device, press the <+> key on the numeric keypad. page 16 7.8 Hit Window The "hit window" is a small, invisible, rectangular area inside the graphics screen cursor. The window acts as a detect area for all objects which fall within its boundaries. This area can be made larger or smaller using 98 DrawDefs on the Master Menu. Note: When the size of the hit window is made larger, the cursor size changes on the graphics screen to show the area in which picks can be made. 7.9 GRID - 00 When the word GRID appears on the status line at the top of the Master Menu screen, the DRAW program places your stylus pick at the nearest grid point. To select the GRID mode, press <00>. 7.10 FREE - 01 When the word FREE (free pick) is shown on the status line, the DRAW program locates the point at the exact location picked by the stylus, regardless of any grid point within the hit window. To select FREE pick, press <01> on the keyboard. 7.11 SNAP - 02 When the word SNAP is shown on the status line, the DRAW program places or "snaps" the stylus pick to an existing object within the cursor's hit window. If there are several lines or objects within the hit window, the SNAP mode will pick points or objects using the following priorities: 1) At the intersection of two objects; 2) At the endpoint of a line, arc or quadrant point of a circle; then 3) The closest point on a single object. If none of the above are found within the hit window, the DRAW program places the point as it would in FREE pick. To select the SNAP mode, press <02> on your keyboard. 7.12 NON-AXIS and AXIS - 03 / 04 While drawing, it may be necessary to place a point along the same page 17 axis as a previous point. Using the AXIS mode aligns your stylus picks to the vertical or horizontal axis based on your last pick. To select the AXIS mode, press <04> on your keyboard. To select NON-AXIS, press <03>. 7.13 Assigning Pen Numbers - /P Individual pen numbers can be assigned to lines and objects to produce a different colors or line weights when a drawing is plotted. Depending on the plotter, you can draw with up to 16 different pens. The pen number you are currently using is displayed on the status line at the top of the Master Menu screen. Lines or objects will be assigned to pen number 1 unless you specify a different pen number. To select a new pen number, press </P>, and type pen number between 0 and 15; then press the <Enter> key. You can alter the pen number of an object after it is drawn with option 64 ATTR Edit The "PLOT" option used to output drawings on conventional plot- ters is available in Cascade's "Phoenix" and "Atlas" CAD/Drawing programs. 7.14 Assigning Intensity - /I Intensity (brightness) changes the way a line or object appears on your screen, but does not affect the actual drawing. Depending on your monitor, you may choose from three intensities: 1 is the dimmest intensity, while 3 is the brightest. The intensity level is displayed on the status line; the default setting is "3". To assign a different intensity level to a line or object before you draw it, press </I>, type a number between "1" and "3"; then, press the <Enter> key. You may change the intensity level of a line or object after it is drawn with 64 ATTR Edit on the Master Menu. 7.15 Assigning Color - /C On systems using color graphics monitors, different colors can be assigned to objects on the graphics screen. You may choose from several different colors: (W)hite, (A)qua, (M)agenta, (R)ed, (G)reen, (B)lue and (Y)ellow. The color will affect the monitor display only and not the completed drawing. When you change in- tensity, you will also change the hue of a color. page 18 The current color is displayed on the status line; white is the default color selected for each drawing. To change the color of a line or object before you draw it, press </C> and type first letter of the color; the press the <Enter> key. After a line or object has been drawn, you may alter its color using 64 ATTR Edit on the Master Menu. 7.16 Assigning Drawing Levels - /L The DRAW program allows you to produce drawings with up to 256 "levels"--which is the equivalent of a conventional mechanical drawing with 255 overlays. This is particularly helpful when creating a master drawing with individual overlays. For example, architects can generate sep- arate plumbing, air conditioning, electrical and landscaping drawings from the same master plan. What's more, complicated mechanical drawings can have different elements--like dimensions, text or various sub-assemblies--on separate levels. This makes manipulating and editing objects easier. You may draw on only one level at a time. The level on which you are currently drawing is displayed on the status line. Any lines or objects you draw will be assigned to that "active" or "working" level, which will be level 1, unless otherwise specified. To change the level on which a line or object will be drawn and displayed you must select the level prior to drawing the object. Press </L> and type a level number from "0" to "255"; then, press the <Enter> key. To turn a specific level off, you enter </L> and type the level number from "0" to "255" followed by a "-". To display all levels of a drawing, press /L*+ and <Enter>. To turn off all levels, press /L*- and <Enter>. After drawing a line or object, you can edit the level on which it appears using the option 64 ATTR Edit. You may also view, plot or print any possible combination of levels on a conventional plotter with Cascade's "Phoenix" and "Atlas" CAD/Drawing programs. 7.17 Important Keys and Features There are several important keys and features you should become familiar with before starting your drawing session. 7.17.1 Backspace Key If you make a mistake while typing, erase characters by using the backspace key (<-); then, type the correct charac- ter, text line or value before pressing the <Enter> key. page 19 7.17.2 Enter Key The <Enter> key must be pressed after typing any line of text (for title blocks, material lists, descriptions, etc.); or after typing any numeric value (such as an angle or radian). It is not necessary to press <Enter> when select- ing options from the menu. 7.17.3 Rejecting an Operation If you make a mistake in selecting a point or object on your graphics screen, use the <Enter> key to "reject" the opera- tion. By pressing <Enter>, you delete the last point, line or object entered; or have a line or object returned to the graphics screen in its original position after moving, copy- ing, or deleting it. Selecting another menu option will complete an operation and you will be unable to reject with the <Enter> key. Note: Some operations can't be rejected once com- pleted. A message may appear beneath the prompt warning you that the "operation is not rejectable" before you begin. 7.17.4 Caret / Plus Keys The ^ (caret) and the numeric keypad's + (plus) key are used to select a two-digit menu option whenever the DRAW program is expecting you to enter a value or text line. For example, if the prompt is asking you to type in a line of text from the keyboard, but you wish to choose a two-digit menu command instead, you must press the ^ or + key after the two-digit number; an <Enter> is not needed. Note: Both the <Shift> and <^> keys must be pressed at the same time to type the ^ symbol. 7.17.5 Error Messages If you enter a command or value that the DRAW program does not expect or cannot do, it will signal you with a beep and display an error message below the prompt line. Read the message to determine the cause of the error, then continue according to the prompt instructions. page 20 7.17.6 Zoom When a drawing area becomes filled with details, it may be necessary to "zoom" in on a section of the drawing. 88 Zoom works like the zoom lens of a camera, allowing you to magni- fy a rectangular section of your drawing without changing the actual drawing. You may also use your function keys to zoom. Refer to the section on "Graphics Screen Utilities" for further information. 7.17.7 Pan You can move the drawing image up, down, left or right using 89 Pan or the arrow keys on your numeric keypad. Refer to the chapter "Graphics Screen Utilities" for details on pan- ning. 7.17.8 Full Window After working with the zoom and pan options, use 90 Full Window to center your entire drawing on the graphics screen. The chapter "Graphics Screen Utilities" explains this option. 7.17.9 Redraw As you work with a drawing it may be necessary to refresh the screen image every so often using 99 Redraw. Refer to the chapter "Graphics Screen Utilities" for an explanation of this option. 7.17.8 Percent Full (0%) On the far right of the status line a percentage is display- ed. The percentage value indicates how full your drawing is. Each drawing starts out at 0%. As more objects are drawn, the drawing storage are fills and the percentage increases. Once this figure reaches 95% full, it is recommended that you "pack" your drawing. This removes computer information on all objects you've deleted and frees more drawing space. No major drawing operation should be undertaken if the draw- ing memory exceeds 95%. The pack operation can be performed using 94 Deactivate. 7.18 Saving/Exiting Your Drawing As you draw, it is extremely important to periodically "save" your work to the hard or floppy disk. You must do this to pre- vent accidental loss of your drawing due to power or system fail- ures. Use 94 Deactivate to save and/or exit your drawing. page 21 7.19 Backup Drawings It's always a good idea to backup (copy) your work to a floppy disk after every drawing session, or after several hours of work. If for some reason your original drawing is deleted, you can restore your work from the backup copy, saving hours or days worth of work. Backup copies can be made using the DOS "COPY" command to a floppy disk. Drawings use the DOS file extension .DWG. To copy all the drawings from the C: to the floppy A: drive you would type from the DOS prompt: COPY C:*.DWG A: The DRAW program also makes its own backup drawings as you work. Backup drawings are identified with the DOS file extension .BDG. Should you accidentally erase an original drawing that doesn't have a backup on floppy disk you could rename the .BDG using the DOS "RENAME" command. For example, if you wanted to make the file EXAMPLE.BDG into a usable drawing you would type: RENAME EXAMPLE.BDG EXAMPLE.DWG This would restore most, if not all of the drawing to its original form. page 22 8.0 DRAW Options The DRAW options are used to draw and edit objects: lines, arcs, circles, rectangles, and ellipses. Objects may also be copied, deleted, rotated, scaled and mirrored with the DRAW options. In addition, you may place points on a drawing; group and unnest objects; and move the origin of an object or group. When a drawing is loaded, the DRAW program automatically displays the DRAW options and selects the line drawing option on the Auxiliary Menu (27 Line) as the default option. 8.1 27 Line To draw a line, select a linestyle from options 11 through 14 (solid, dashed, center or phantom). Pick the start point of your line with the stylus (or type in a coordinate); then, pick the next vertex point of the line. Continue picking points in this fashion to create a "multi-segment" line. You may erase (reject) one or more of the line segments while you are drawing by pressing the <Enter> key. Press 27 or select another menu option to end the line. The reject option will not work once a new menu option is selected. 8.2 Linestyle Options (11, 12, 13, 14) The DRAW program has four different linestyle options listed below the heading ** Linestyle ** on the Auxiliary Menu: 11 Solid; 12 Dash; 13 Center; and 14 Phantom. The linestyle options may be used when drawing any object, except an ellipse. To change a linestyle, press the corresponding two-digit menu number and the selected linestyle will be highlighted. 11 Solid is the default option. 8.3 20 +NO Fill / +Solid This is a toggled option that allows you to "fill" a closed rectangle or polygon with a solid pattern of lines. This option is limited to an object with a maximum of 50 sides that has a common vertex as the start/end point. If +NO Fill is displayed on menu option 20, the fill option is disabled. To turn it on, press <20> so that "+Solid" is displayed on the option. page 23 To fill an object drawn with 27 Line, first toggle 20 to read 20 +Solid, then select 19 Close after the end point has been picked; the DRAW program will fill the object once 19 is pressed. The option 19 Close appears only when 27 Line is highlighted. When drawing rectangles and polygons (options 28 and 32) the object is automatically filled if 20 +Solid is displayed. Only the first 50 segments of a polygon are considered by the fill software. 8.4 22 MoveToPnt The "MoveToPnt" (Move To Point) option makes the next line segment drawn invisible. It can be used, for example, to draw a continuous line through an existing object; the line you are drawing still exists, however, the segment(s) pas- sing through the object are hidden from view. Before picking the endpoint of the segment you don't want to appear, press <22> and highlight the MoveToPnt option; then, pick the next vertex point on the line. 22 MoveToPnt is disabled after each use, so press <22> before each Move To Point operation. Note: A segment that has been hidden with "MoveToPnt" can be re-displayed using 65 Line Edit. 8.5 28 Rectangle To create a rectangle press <28>. Change the linestyle option if necessary (11 through 14); then, pick two opposite corners with your stylus. Once the rectangle is drawn, you can remove it by pressing the <Enter> key once. An "x" remains at the location of the first corner picked. You may select another corner with your stylus, or remove the "x" by pressing <Enter> a second time. 8.5.1 16 Ang= 0.000 This option appears with 28 Rectangle. It changes the angle at which the rectangle is placed on the drawing. To change the angle, press 16, type a new angle (in degrees), then press <Enter>. The new angle will appear next to the menu option. If a positive angle is entered, the rectangle will be rotated counterclockwise from the positive x-axis; clockwise when a negative value is entered. page 24 8.6 29 Arcs Press <29> and several new Auxiliary Menu options will be dis- played to help you draw arcs. To make an arc, select an "arc-type" from options 16 through 18 and specify clockwise (CW) or counterclockwise (CCW) with option 15. You may also change the linestyle options if desired. Then, pick points with your stylus as directed by the prompts. (In some instances you will be directed by prompts to provide a numeric value such as an angle, radius or chord.) 8.6.1 15 +DIR = CW / CCW This toggled option lets you change the direction in which an arc is drawn. Press <15> to toggle between clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) 8.6.2 16 ARC - 3 Point Use this option to draw a "three-point arc". Press <16>, then select a start point with your stylus; followed by a second point on the arc; then, the end point. 8.6.3 17 Arc - S/C/End Use this option to draw an arc with a known start point, a center point (not on the arc) and an end point. Press <17>, select the start point, the center point, and the end point with your stylus. 8.6.4 18 Arc - S/E/Rad Use this option to draw an arc with a known start point, end point and "radius" (Rad). Press <18> and select the start and end points of the arc with your stylus. Then, type a value for the radius and press <Enter>. 8.7 30 Circle Press <30> and several new menu options will be displayed to help you draw circles. To draw a circle, select a "circle-type" from options 15, 16 or 17. You may also change the linestyle option, if desired. Then pick points on your drawing as directed by the prompts. (In some instances you will be asked to provide a numeric value such as a diameter or radius.) page 25 8.7.1 15 Circle - Pick This is the default option when you select the Circles task. It allows you to draw a circle by picking its center point and a point on its radius. Press <15>; then, select a center point and a point on the radius with your stylus. 8.7.2 16 Circle - 3 Pnt This option draws a circle through "three points" picked with the stylus. Press <24>; then, select a point on the circle and two radius points. 8.7.3 17 Concentric This option draws concentric circles which share a common center point. Press <17> and select a center point with your stylus. Now pick a point on the radius. Continue picking radius points until you have drawn the number of concentric circles desired. To choose a new center point or complete the operation, press <17> or select another menu option. 8.8 31 Ellipse Press <31> and several new menu options will be displayed to help you draw ellipses. To draw an ellipse, choose whether to draw a full or half ellipse with option 19. 13 Pick Maj/Min is high- lighted when you select the "Ellipse" task and cannot be changed. Now, pick points (or type coordinates) as directed by the prompts. 8.8.1 The "Maj/Min" option draws an ellipse when two end points on the major axis are selected, followed by an end point on the minor axis. 8.8.2 19 +Full Ellipse / +Half Ellipse Press <19> to toggle this option between a full or half ellipse. 8.9 32 Arrows Press <32> and several new Auxiliary Menu options appear which allow you to create arrowheads. The arrowheads may then be placed in the at the end(s) of a line or at arbitrary locations on the drawing. page 26 To place an arrowhead select the style with options 11 and 13; choose where you want to place the arrowhead with option 16 (at the end of a line; at both ends; or FREE placement); then deter- mine the angle, the length, and the length-to-width ratio with options 18, 19 and 20. Once these options have been specified, use your stylus to select a location. Use option 12 after an arrowhead has been placed to reverse its direction. 8.9.1 11 +Flow (Arrowhead Styles) This option allows you select one of seven different arrow- head styles. Press <11> until the style of arrowhead you wish to create is displayed. 8.9.2 12 Reverse Dir. Press <12> to change the direction of the arrowhead. This option works only immediately after the arrowhead has been placed on the drawing. 8.9.3 13 +Solid / +Open Press <13> to toggle between solid and open arrowheads. 8.9.4 16 +Place At End / +Both Ends / +Free Press <16> to select one of three different placement op- tions: At the end of a line (+Place At End); at both ends of a line (+Both Ends); or at an arbitrary location on the drawing (+Free). 8.9.4 18 Angle= 0.00 This option specifies a rotation angle for arrowheads not placed on a line. Angles are measured counterclockwise from the horizontal x-axis, unless a negative value is entered. To change the angle, press <18> before placing the arrow- head; type a new value and press <Enter>. The new angle will be displayed on the menu. 8.9.5 19 ArwLEN = 0.200 This option specifies the arrowhead length. The default value is 0.200 inches or centimeters. To change the length press <19>; type a new value from 0.05 to 3.00 and press <Enter>. The new value will be displayed on the menu. page 27 8.9.6 20 ArwLTW = 1.800 This option sets the arrowhead's "length-to-width" ratio, which determines the shape. High values will produce long, narrow arrows; low values produce wider arrows. The default ratio is 1.8. To change the ratio press <20>; type a new value from 0.25 to 10.00 and press <Enter>. The new value will be displayed on the menu. 8.10 33 Points Press <33> and several new Auxiliary Menu options appear allowing you to mark points on your drawing using a +, X , * or . symbol. Select a point style from options 11 through 14 ; then, touch your stylus to the tablet to place the point on the drawing. You may place as many points as needed. Press <Enter> to remove the last point placed on the drawing. 8.10.1 Point Styles Options 11 +, 12 X, 13 *, and 14 . are used to select point styles. Press the corresponding number to indicate the point style you wish to use; your selection will be high- lighted, indicating choice. 8.11 34 Move Press <34> and new menu options will be displayed that allow you to move an object or a group to a new location. You can move an object by its origin point using 11 Origin; or move objects within a specified area with 12 Rectangle. 8.11.1 16 Drag Object When 16 Drag Object is highlighted, you may drag the object or group you have moved across the drawing by pressing your stylus to the graphics tablet (or by holding down the mouse button). Press <16> to toggle this option on or off. 8.11.2 11 Origin Moves the object or group using the origin point as the reference point for relocation. To move by origin, press <11> and select the object or group you wish to move. The origin point will be marked with an "x". Now, select a new point for the origin. The object will appear with its origin point at the new location picked with your stylus. page 28 Press <Enter> once when the move is complete to lock the object in place. If you press <Enter> a second time the object will be returned to its original location. 8.11.3 12 Rectangle Moves an object or group within a rectangular area that you pick with your stylus. Press <12>, then select the lower left corner of the rec- tangle. A mark will appear to indicate that point. Next, select the upper right corner and a dotted rectangle will be superimposed around the area to be moved. Then, select a point on the drawing which will be the object or group's new lower left corner. All objects having origin points within the rectangle will be moved. A rectangle move can also be accomplished with coordinate input. 8.12 35 Copy Press <35> and new menu options will be displayed that allow you to copy an object or a group to a new location. You can copy an object by its origin point using 11 Origin; or copy objects with- in a specified area with 12 Rectangle. 8.12.1 16 Drag Object When 16 Drag Object is highlighted, you may drag the object or group you have copied across the drawing by pressing your stylus to the graphics tablet (or by holding down the mouse button). Press <16> to toggle this option on or off. 8.12.2 11 By Origin Moves an object or group using the origin point as the ref- erence point for relocation. To copy by origin, press <11> and select the object or group you wish to copy. The origin point will be marked with an "x". Now, select a new point for the origin. The object will appear with its origin point at the new location picked with your stylus. If Drag is on, press <Enter> once when the copy is complete to lock the object in place. Press <Enter> again and the object will be returned to its original location. If Drag is off, <Enter> will return the object to its original location. page 29 8.12.3 12 By Rectangle Moves an object or group within a rectangular area that you pick with your stylus. Press <12>, then select the lower left corner of the rec- tangle. A mark will appear to indicate that point. Next, select the upper right corner and a dotted rectangle will be superimposed around the area to be copied. Then, select a point on the drawing which will be the object or group's new lower left corner. All objects having origin points within the rectangle will be copied. A rectangle copy can also be accomplished with coordinate input. 8.13 36 Delete This option deletes an object or group from a drawing. Press <36> and choose one of the two delete options listed under the heading ** Aux. Options **. 8.13.1 11 Object This option allows you to remove a single object or group from the drawing. Press <11> and select an object or group to be deleted with your stylus. 8.13.2 12 Rectangle To delete objects within a rectangular area, press <12> and select the the lower left corner of the area. A mark will appear to indicate the point. Next, select the upper right corner and a dotted rectangle will be superimposed around the area to be deleted. Now, touch your stylus on the gra- phics pad or press <42> to confirm that you want the object(s) deleted. Only objects whose origins fall within the rectangle will be deleted. 8.14 37 Rotate Press <37> and two new options will be displayed allowing you to rotate and copy an object around its origin. Use 11 Ang= to determine the angle of rotation. 12 Repeat= copies the object a specified number of times while rotating the object around its origin in increments specified by option 11. Once the options have been properly set, select the object to be rotated using your stylus. page 30 8.14.1 11 Ang= 90.000 deg Specifies the angle of rotation. The object will be rotated counterclockwise unless a negative angle is entered. The default angle is set at 90 degrees. To change the angle, press <11>; type new angle from .10 to 360 and press <Enter>. (You may enter degrees expressed as decimal fractions, e.g. 31.5). The new value will be dis- played on the menu. 8.14.2 12 Repeat=0 Determines the number of copies to be made of a rotated object. Each copy is rotated at the specified angle around the object's point of origin. When Repeat=0, you will only rotate the object--no copies are made. To make multiple rotated copies, press 12; then, type the number of copies you want to make and press <Enter>. The new value will be displayed on the menu. 8.15 38 Scale Press <38> and several new Auxiliary Menu options will be dis- played allowing you to scale (re-size) groups or objects. 8.15.1 11 Xscale= / 12 Yscale= "Xscale" sets the horizontal (x-axis) scale factor, and "Yscale" sets the vertical (y-axis) scale factor. The de- fault factor values are "0.500". To change the scale press <11>; type a new factor, then press the <Enter> key. Both Xscale= and Yscale= will be changed to the new factor and displayed on the menu. To set a separate "Yscale" value press <12>, type a new factor and press <Enter>. 8.15.2 15 Calc. SCALE This option helps you to calculate the proper scale factor. This is helpful when you know what the length of a scaled line will be but can't calculate the exact values for op- tions 11 and 12. Press <15> and select a line with your stylus. The current length of the line will be displayed above the Auxiliary Menu. Now type the a new line length--the size that you want it to be after it is scaled--and press <Enter>. The DRAW program will automatically enter the proper Xscale and Yscale in options 11 and 12. page 31 Note: You may only calculate an object that has a line; arcs and circles may not be selected. 8.16 39 Mirror This option "mirrors" a group or object through its origin across the "x" or "y" axes. Press <39> and choose to mirror an object across the x or y-axis by toggling option 11. Decide whether to turn the copy function on or off with option 12. Then, pick the object to be mirrored with your stylus. 8.16.1 11 +Mirror X / +Mirror Y Press <11> to toggle between the "x-axis" (+Mirror X) or the "y-axis" (+Mirror Y) when using 39 Mirror. With +Mirror Y, the object mirrors from left to right; +Mirror X, the object mirrors from top to bottom. 8.16.2 12 +Copy OFF / +Copy ON Press <12> to choose to only mirror an object (+Copy OFF), or to mirror and copy (+Copy ON). With +Copy ON the original object remains on the drawing with the mirrored copy. 8.17 41 Group Use 41 Group to take an object, or several objects, and combine them so the DRAW program interprets the group as a single entity. Some of the DRAW tasks require that an object or objects, also known as primitives (i.e. rectangles, circles, arcs) be grouped or "nested" before you can manipulate them. 8.17.1 11 Pick Objects To create a group by picking objects, press <11> (if necessary) and select the object(s) you want to include in the group. As you select each object, it will disappear from the graphics screen. When you are finished selecting all the objects to be in- cluded in the group, press <41> and they will reappear on the screen. Now, whenever you work with any objects in that group, all the others will be affected (such as with the Move, Copy, Delete and Scale options). page 32 8.17.2 12 Rectangle You may also group objects within a rectangular area by using 12 Rectangle. It works the same as the moving, copying and deleting by rectangle. To group all objects within a rectangular area, press <12> and select the the lower left corner of the area. A mark will appear to indicated the point picked. Now select the upper right corner and a dotted rectangle will be superim- posed around the area to be grouped. Touch your stylus on the graphics tablet or press <41> to confirm that you want the object(s) grouped. Note: Only objects whose origins fall within the rectangle will be grouped. 8.18 42 Unnest Use the option to unnest (un-group) a collection of grouped objects. It is possible to create one large group out of several smaller groups. This process is called "nesting" groups. When using 42 Unnest you can choose to "unnest" only the large group (called the top level), or you can unnest all levels (all the smaller groups contained within the top level). Unnested objects will revert back to their their original primitive (or group) form. To unnest a group, press <42> and choose whether to unnest the top level of the group, or all levels with option 11. Then select the group to be unnested with your stylus. 8.18.1 11 Unnest TOP / Unnest ALL This Auxiliary Menu option appears when using 42 Unnest. Press <11> to toggle between the Unnest TOP and the Unnest ALL options. 8.19 43 Move Origin This option moves the "origin point" of a group to a new loca- tion. Moving the origin point can help make working with groups easier when performing tasks such as Move, Copy, Rotate and Mirror. To move the origin point of a group, press 43 and select the group with your stylus. A small "x" will appear at the location of the current origin point. Select a new origin point with your stylus and the "x" will be moved to the point picked. You may continue to pick points until you are satisfied with the position. Press <Enter> to reject the operation. page 33 9.0 51 TEXT 51 Text allows you to place lines of text (also called "strings") on your drawing. Press <51> and new Auxiliary Menu options will be displayed. To place text on a drawing, change the options (11 through 17) listed under the heading ** Text Attr. ** if necessary. Then, type a line of text and press the <Enter> key. The line you just typed will be displayed at the top of the screen, below the prompt line. You may place the displayed line on the drawing using your stylus, or replace it with another text line as described above. Once a line of text has been placed, you may drag it across the screen by pressing your stylus to the graphics tablet (or holding down the mouse button). A line of text is considered an object by the DRAW program and can be moved, copied, grouped and deleted with the DRAW options detailed in the previous sections. Note: Remember to use the ^ or the + keys to select different menu options while using 51 Text; other- wise, the DRAW program will interpret your menu selections as text strings. 9.1 11 Xsize= 0.125 This option determines the width of a text character. The default values are .300 cm (metric drawings) or .125 in. (English drawings). To change the Xsize press <11^> or <11+>; type a new width between .02 and 10.0, then press <Enter>. The new value will be displayed on the menu. 9.2 12 Ysize= 0.125 This option determines the height of a text character. The de- fault values are .300 cm (metric drawings) or .125 in. (English drawings). To change the Ysize press <12^> or <12+>; type a new height be- tween .02 and 10.0, then press <Enter>. The new value will be displayed on the menu. 9.3 13 Xstep= 0.125 This option lets you adjust the spacing between text characters. It defines the distance between the start point of a character and the start point of the next character which follows on a line (x-axis). The default Xstep values are .300 cm (metric drawings) or .125 in. (English drawings). page 34 To change the Xstep, press <13^> or <13+>; type a new distance between .02 and 10.0 and press <Enter>. The new value will be displayed on the menu. 9.4 14 Ystep= 0.000 This option creates a "stairstep" effect with your text line. It defines the vertical y-axis distance between each successive character in the text line. To change the Ystep, press <14^> or <14+>; type a new distance between .02 and 10.0 (positive or negative value) and press <Enter>. The new value will be displayed on the menu. The default value of Ystep is 0.000, which places text horizontally, like this: TEXT If you changed Ystep to 0.5, each successive character would be moved up .5 on the y-axis, similar to this: T X E T 9.5 15 Angle = 0.00 deg Use this option to place a line of text on the drawing at a spe- cified angle. To rotate text, press <15^> or <15+>; type a new angle and press <Enter>. The new value will appear on the menu. If the value specified is positive, the text line will be rotated couterclockwise above the x-axis; a negative angle rotates the line below. 9.6 16 Slnt= 0.000 Use this option slant each character, creating italicized or backslanted text. You may slant characters +/- 60 degrees. Posi- tive angles slant text to the right; negative angles to the left. To slant text, press <16^> or <16+>; type an angle and press <Enter>. The new value will appear on the menu. 9.7 17 Font = 0 This option allows you to specify one of two different fonts (type styles) for your text. To change a font, press 17^ or 17+; type a new font number (0 or 2), then press <Enter>. page 35 In Cascade's "Phoenix" and "Atlas" CAD/Drawing programs you may choose from five different fonts available. The "Atlas" program allows you to create your own fonts. 10.0 64 ATTR Edit 64 Edit Attribute lets you examine and edit any of six different object attributes: Kind, Pen, Level, Intensity, Color, and Style. Press <64> and a new Auxiliary Menu will be displayed. 10.1 11 +Edit / +Display This option allows you to edit (+Edit) or display (+Display) attributes of a group or object. Press <11> to toggle between the two choices. To Display the attributes of an object, choose to look at either +Member (a single object) or +Group (the entire group) with op- tion 12. Then, pick the object with your stylus. The current attributes of the object will be displayed on the Auxiliary Menu screen. To Edit an object, select the attribute to be edited from options 14 through 20. If you select 14 All Defaults, then all attributes will be edited, except Style. Now change the attribute(s) listed on the Status Line using the built-in / (slash) commands described at the beginning of this manual (/K = Kind, /I = Intensity, /C = Color, /P = Pen). Once you have changed the attribute(s) to be edited, select the object with your stylus. If +Member was displayed on option 12, only the primitive object selected will be edited; if +Group is displayed, only the top level group will be edited; if +All is displayed, all objects (including nested groups) will be edited. Toggle the option to +Display and select the object again to confirm your edit(s). 10.2 12 +Member / +Group / +All Press <12> to select one of the following options when editing or displaying attributes: +Member: Displays/edits only primitive objects in a group (line, arc, circle). +Group: Displays/edits the top level of a nested group (see Group/Unnest in the DRAW options section). page 36 +All: Edits all objects in a group, including nested groups. 10.3 14 All Defaults When this option is highlighted you will edit all attributes (except style) of the object selected with your stylus. Change the attributes displayed on the Status Line using the / (slash) commands described at the beginning of this manual; then, select the object to be edited with your stylus. The object will be edited with the attributes currently displayed on the Status Line. 10.4 15 Edit KIND Kind is a special attribute that refers to non-graphical data that is assigned to different objects or groups. It tells the DRAW program what an object is and how it is used. Kind values are assigned automatically by the program and are used primarily for technical/diagnostic purposes. This option will rarely be used; however, you can "fill" an ob- ject (rectangle or ellipse) by changing its kind to the value 131. To do this, press <15> to highlight the option; then, type the number <131> and press <Enter>. Now select the object with your stylus and it will be filled with a solid line pattern. 10.5 16 Edit PEN Press <16> to edit the pen number of a group or object. Change the pen number displayed on the status line using the /P command. For example: to change the pen number to three, type </P3> and press <Enter>; then, select the object to be edited. 10.6 17 Edit LEVEL Press <17> to edit the level of a group or object. Change the level displayed on the status line using the /L command. For example: to change the level number to ten, type </L10> and press <Enter>; then, select the object to be edited with your stylus. 10.7 18 Edit INTENSITY Press <18> to edit the intensity of a group or object. Change the intensity value displayed on the status line using the /I command. For example: to change the intensity to two, type </I2> and press <Enter>; then, select the object to be edited with your stylus. page 37 10.8 19 Edit COLOR Press <19> to edit the color of a group or object. Change the color displayed on the status line using the /C command. For example: to change the color attribute to red type </CR> and press <Enter>; then, select the object to be edited with your stylus. 10.9 20 Edit STYLE Press <20> to edit the linestyle of a group or object. When this option is highlighted, the four linestyles will be displayed as options 11 through 14. Choose a linestyle by pressing the corres- ponding two-digit menu option; then, select the object to be edited with your stylus. Note: Remember to change your drawing attributes before leaving this option and creating new objects. page 38 11.0 65 Line Edit Press <65> and several new menu options that will be displayed to help you edit line segments. You cannot use this option on group- ed or nested objects. An error message will prompt you to un-nest groups before using 65 Line Edit (see 42 Unnest in "DRAW Options"). 11.1 12 Gap Segment Use this option to gap a line. Press <12> and select the line with your stylus; then, pick the two end points of the gap. 11.2 13 Trim/Extend Use this option to trim or extend a line. Press <13> (if not already highlighted) and select the line to be trimmed or extend- ed with your stylus; then, pick a new end point for the line. 11.3 14 Erase Segment / 15 UnErase Seg. Use these options to erase a line segment; or to restore a seg- ment that has been erased. Press <14> and select the line segment to be erased with your stylus. To restore an erased segment press <15>; then, select the line near where the segment was erased. Note: You may use this option to restore a segment that was erased with the "Move to Point" operation in "DRAW Options". 11.4 16 Move Vertex This option allows you to move a vertex in a multisegment line. Press <16> and select a line segment at a point near the vertex you wish to move; the end points will be marked on your screen. Pick a new vertex location and the line is redrawn to include the new point. page 39 12.0 Graphics Screen Utilities The DRAW program provides four utility options for viewing and displaying your drawing on the graphics screen: 88 Zoom, 89 Pan, 90 FullWindow, and 99 Redraw. Each individual option is docu- mented in this section. 12.1 88 Zoom The Zoom option works like a combination magnifying glass/zoom lens. Use this task to enlarge the image on the graphics screen without affecting the drawing. Zoom can be used at any time during your drawing session-- regardless of what menu is displayed--to help you pick points and objects with your stylus in detailed areas. Like a telephoto lens on a camera, you can zoom in and enlarge small sections of the drawing image. To zoom in on a section of your drawing, press <88>, and pick two opposite corners of the area to be enlarged with your stylus. This rectangular area is your zoom "window." The graphics screen image will disappear, and be replaced by the enlarged section. Continue drawing as before. You may also zoom in and out of your drawing by using the F9 and F10 function keys. Each time you press <F9>, the screen image is enlarged from the center about one and a half times. Press <F10> to zoom out in approximately the same increments. To re-display and center the entire drawing, use 90 FullWindow. 12.1.1 Zooming with Function Keys Function keys F1, F2, F3 and F4 have been programmed to allow you to zoom in on four different quadrants of the graphics screen. Press <F1> to zoom in on the upper left quadrant Press <F2> to zoom in on the upper right quadrant Press <F3> to zoom in on the lower left quadrant Press <F4> to zoom in on the lower right quadrant Use 90 Full Window to re-display the full graphics screen. 12.1.2 Re-programming the Zoom Function Keys You may re-program the four function keys to zoom in on any area. To do this use 88 Zoom and mark the window with your stylus. Then hold down the <Alt> key and press one of the four function keys (F1, F2, F3 or F4) at the same time. page 40 Now, every time you press the re-programmed function key it will zoom in on the area you selected. The programmed keys will be restored to their normal operation once you exit the DRAW program. 12.2 89 Pan The Pan option moves the image on the graphics screen to the left, right, top or bottom. This option only changes the viewing area and does not affect the drawing. Pan around the drawing image at any time during your drawing session, regardless of the menu displayed. To pan, press <89>; then, using your stylus, pick a point on the drawing to be the new center of the screen. The drawing image will disappear for a few seconds and be re-displayed with the point picked as the center of the graphics screen. 12.2.1 Panning with the Numeric Keypad If you are not using the Keyboard as your input device you may also pan using the keys on the numeric keypad. This can be done only when the <Num Lock> key is not activated. The arrows on the number <4>, <6>, <8> and <2> keys indicate the direction of the pan when you press the button: left, right, top and bottom (respectively). In addition, keys <1>, <7>, <9> and <3> pan to each of the four corners. Use 90 FullWindow to center and redisplay the entire drawing. 12.3 90 FullWindow The FullWindow option is usually used after working with 88 Zoom or 89 Pan. Press <90> to center and re-display the entire drawing image on the graphics screen. You may use this option at anytime during your drawing session regardless of the menu displayed. After using FullWindow, the program returns you to the task you were using. 12.4 99 Redraw As you work, portions of your drawing may become obscured through manipulation and editing of lines and objects. Redraw refreshes your screen image by redrawing the graphic screen. You may redraw at any time during the drawing session. To redraw the graphics screen image, press <99>. page 41 13.0 94 Deactivate Use Deactivate when a drawing session has ended or when you need to save your drawing and continue work. You may save your drawing to the hard disk or floppy disk. The drawing name can also be changed using this operation and you may "pack" the drawing to eliminate unwanted data and free-up your drawing's memory. Press <94> and a new Auxiliary Menu is displayed. It is recommended that you save your drawing after every fifteen minutes of work, or when you have finished a major DRAW opera- tion. You should also save your work on a floppy disk using 12 Path: at the conclusion of every drawing session. (You may also copy drawings to floppy disk with the DOS "COPY" command.) 13.1 10 PACK DRAWING A "PACK" eliminates items in you drawing's memory such as deleted objects and unnecessary information, to free-up more drawing space. Press <10> and the DRAW program will pack the drawing. If there are a lot of objects on the drawing, the process could take a minute or two. Wait until the prompt says "DRAWING PACK COMPLETED" before selecting another Master Menu option. The percentage on the upper right of the menu screen will be lower after a drawing is packed. 13.2 11 Name: The drawing name selected when you laid out your drawing will be displayed with this option. You may change the name before sav- ing or exiting the drawing. Press <11> and type a new drawing name (maximum of eight characters); then, press <Enter>. The new name will be displayed on the menu. 13.3 12 Path: Change the path to save your drawing to another disk: either the hard disk (referred to as the C: or D: drive); or a floppy disk (A: or B: drive). The path is automatically set to the A: drive. Other directories can be created to hold drawings. Refer to your DOS manual on the procedures for creating directories. page 42 To change the path to the hard disk, press 12 and type <C:> fol- lowed by the specific path name. For example, to specify a \DRAW sub-directory named "Drawings" you would type: \DRAW\DRAWINGS; then, press <Enter>. To change the path to the floppy disk press <12> and type A: (or B: if you are specifying the second floppy disk drive); then, press the <Enter> key. Note: A floppy disk must be "formatted" before you may save a drawing on it. Refer to the DOS manual that came with your computer for instructions on using the "FORMAT" command. NEVER FORMAT THE HARD DISK DRIVE. 13.4 15 Save Drawing This option saves your drawing to the hard or floppy disk, as specified by 12 Path: and 11 Name:. If you have chosen a new name, all changes will be saved to the new drawing and the old one will remain the same. To save your drawing press <15>. You may continue working by selecting a Master Menu task or exit the drawing with 16 Exit. 13.5 16 Exit Press <16> to end the drawing session and return to the Opening Menu where you may: 1) create a new drawing; 2) select another drawing from the "Active Drawing" section; or 3) "Logoff" and exit from the DRAW program. If you have not saved the drawing, a warning message will flash below the prompt telling you the drawing has not been saved. Press <Enter> to reject the operation and select 15 Save. Other- wise, press <16> again to exit without saving the drawing. page 43 14.0 97 PrintPlot 97 PrintPlot quickly makes a hard copy of the graphics screen using your printer. This is not a high-quality plot; it's a rough printout (called a "dump") of your graphics screen. It allows you to see on paper how a drawing--or a portion of it--is shaping up. Cascade's "Phoenix" and "Atlas" programs provide a Plot option which allows you to output your drawing on a conventional plotter. You may also output the drawing to an HPGL file for use with most DeskTop Publishing programs such as "Ventura Publisher" and "PageMaker." The "Atlas" program also has a conversion util- ity that allows you use drawings from other CAD/Drawing programs. Press <97> and a new Auxiliary Menu screen is displayed The PrintPlot option works with CGA, EGA and HERCULES compatible monitors, and prints out on most "Epson" or Epson-compatible dot matrix printers. Some of the printers supported by 97 PrintPlot are listed under the heading **** Printers **** on the left side of the Auxiliary Menu. Since PrintPlot prints what's on your graphics screen, you can use 88 Zoom and/or 89 Pan to display only a portion of the draw- ing for printing; if you want to PrintPlot the entire drawing, use 90 FullWindow. Select a printer from the list displayed on the Auxiliary Menu by pressing the two-digit menu number. If you don't see your par- ticular brand or model, choose one that is compatible (refer to your printer's operations manual). When the suitable printer is highlighted, select 10 Standard or 11 Rotated to begin the PrintPlot. After the printer begins, you may press the Esc key to interrupt the operation. 14.1 10 Standard / 11 Rotated Press <10> to print the graphics screen horizontally on the page; press <11> to print (rotate) the screen vertically. Press <Esc> to interrupt the PrintPlot. page 44 15.0 98 DrawDefs Press <98> and new Auxiliary Menu options are displayed which allow you to change certain drawing definitions. 15.1 11 Ref Grid = 10 This option determines the interval at which a colored reference line appears when line grids are displayed using the /G command. It does not affect dot grids. The default interval is 10, which displays a reference line every tenth grid line. To change the "reference grid", press <11> and type a new reference grid interval; then, press <Enter>. A color monitor is required for this option. 15.2 12 +DOT Grids / +LINE Grids This option determines whether dot or line grids are displayed when the /G command is used. Dot grids are the default setting. Press <12> to toggle between "DOT" and "LINE" grids. 15.3 13 Ref Color-Blue This option determines the color of the "reference grid" lines specified in 11 Ref Grid = ("Blue" is the default setting). To change color, press <13> and type the first letter of the reference grid color: (W)hite, (A)qua, (M)agenta, (B)lue, (Y)ellow, (G)reen or (R)ed; then, press <Enter>. The new refer- ence grid color will be displayed on the menu. A color monitor is required for this option. 15.4 14 Wrk Color-Aqua Determines the color of the "work grid" lines or dots (Aqua is the default setting). To change color, press <14> and type the first letter of the working grid color: (W)hite, (A)qua, (M)agenta, (B)lue, (Y)ellow, (G)reen or (R)ed; then, press <Enter>. The new work grid color will be displayed on the menu. A color monitor is required for this option. 15.5 16 Set Range On / 17 Set Range Off When a drawing session begins, all the levels of a drawing are page 45 displayed on the graphics screen. You may choose to turn some of these levels off so they won't be displayed. (Turning off a level does not permanently remove parts of the drawing; objects on turned-off levels won't be displayed. They will reappear when the level is turned back on.) Use 17 Set Range Off to turn some or all of the levels off by indicating a range of consecutively-numbered levels. Press <17> and type the "beginning level number" of the range to be turned off (lowest level); then, press <Enter>. Next, type the "ending level number" (highest level) and press <Enter>. All levels between the two numbers entered will be turned off. Turn a range of levels on with 16 Set Range On in the same fashion. Press <16> and type the "beginning level number" of the range to be turned off (lowest level); then press <Enter>. Next, type the ending level number (highest level) and press <Enter>. All levels between the two numbers entered will be turned back on. Note: To display all levels, you would choose "0" and "255". You can also turn all levels off or on during your drawing session by using the /L*- or /L*+ commands which are explained in the section "Drawing Aids". 15.6 18 Hitwin= 0.150 in This option determines the size of your input device's "hit window" (the area inside the cursor that can pick objects on the drawing). The default settings are 0.150 inches for English drawings, and 0.300 centimeters for metric drawings. To change the hit window size press <18> and type a new value from .015 to 1.00; then, press <Enter>. 15.7 28 X-Grid= 1.00 in / 29 Y-Grid= 1.00 in Press <28> to change the horizontal (X-Grid) grid size. Type a new value and press <Enter>. Both 28 X-Grid= and 29 Y-Grid= will display the new grid size. To make the "Y-Grid" a different size, press <29> and type a different value; then, press <Enter>. The new grid display will appear on your screen when activated with the /G command. Note: You may also change both grid sizes while drawing using the /N command, which is also explained in the section "Drawing Aids". page 46 This manual was written and prepared by J. Matthew Fabris for Cascade Graphics Systems, Inc. Copyright 1988, Cascade Graphics Systems, Inc. This manual is protected by Federal Copyright Laws and may not be copied, revised, translated or reproduced in any form without the express written permission of Cascade Graphics Systems, Inc. For information on software documentation services, including desktop publishing and disk/on-line manuals, contact: J. Matthew Fabris c/o Cascade Graphics Systems, Inc. 2698 White Road Suite 200 Irvine, California 92714 (714) 474-6200 page 47